Feat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_HqRTYzQ58&feature=youtu.be&t=9
Sonic breaks some of the chain links in a chain with a spin dash in the ending for Sonic CD.
The chain link on this chain that is connected to Little Planet is supporting the tension of the planet pulling on it for the duration of the story without issue and not breaking (as seen when it moves right after the chain disconnects when Sonic destroys a couple chain links on the other end of the chain connecting it to his planet). So each chain link should be insanely durable for the first chain link latched onto Little Planet to not snap apart under such energy and yet Sonic breaks some chain links with a single spin dash attack.
So lets find out the size of the "planet".
In Sonic 4 Episode 2, the Death Egg mk. II is a spherical space station shell around Little Planet.
Death Egg mk.II Zone; Act 1 "A Duel with Metal Sonic" is a 2-D stage that takes place in this location that is horizontal across the front of the space station with a bunch of metallic pillars that fit in the background.
I'll be getting a scale of how large the level is based on the background by using the length of the foreground sprites here rather than having to manually cut the entire sprite for the background that would be length of this stage.
Will be using screenshots from this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9946a3VV1U
https://i.imgur.com/PR5ZHGq.jpg
Stair's level floor is 66 pixels (px) and the metal pillar length is 697 pixels
Since this is Eggman's space station, the height of the stair's level floor should be equal to at least his height for him to walk through it and not hit his head on the ceiling.
https://web.archive.org/web/20080312211014/http://sonic.sega.jp/chara/eggman/index.html
Eggman is 185 centimeters or 1.85 meters tall according to Sega.
Metal pillar size = (1.85)*(697/66) = 19.5371212121 meters long
https://i.imgur.com/lt7H2pb.jpg
Floor section is 505 pixels, represented in the background by 227 pixels for the length of the metal pillar.
https://info.sonicretro.org/images/9/9d/Map-S42-5-1.png
https://i.imgur.com/hlT8daJ.jpg
76 pixels is the length of the floor section and the length of the entire stage and background for the level is 13,013 pixels.
Going by the ratio of floor section to the pillar in the background to get the horizontal length of the background for the stage:
Death Egg mk. II diameter = (1.85)*(697/66)*(505/227)*(13,013/76) = 7442.0045188 meters
Then we just need to compare the size of the space station to the size of Little Planet.
https://i.imgur.com/xEOyWrv.png
Little Planet is 294 pixels and Death Egg mk. II is 353 pixels
Little Planet diameter = (1.85)*(697/66)*(505/227)*(13,013/76)*(294/353) = 6198.15673804 meters or 6.19815673804 kilometers (km)
Now, Little Planet has been show to exhibit the exact same surface gravity on it as their Earth seeing how Sonic Mania shows us Tail's and Sonic's falling speed being exactly the same speed after they jump into the air on levels that take place on their Earth and Little Planet.
Plugging the values of 1 g and a planetary diameter of 6.19815673804 km into this calculator gives us:
http://www.stardestroyer.net/Empire/Tech/Beam/Calculator.html
1.411E+18 kg for the mass of Little Planet.
So this planet does weigh a lot, despite its deceiving size, and it should be extremely dense to have this sort of surface gravity.
Between 0:13-0:14 the planet moves away from the viewer, we are going to angsize the distance using the angular size formula to get the speed it is moving away at in this clip
https://i.imgur.com/LwWCOLs.png
Planet length = 727 px
Screen height = 720 px
Angsizing for distance here:
2atan(tan(70/2)*(727/720)) = 51.134886725952 degrees
http://www.1728.org/angsize.htm
Size is 6198.15673804 meters, which gives us an initial distance of 6487 meters away
https://i.imgur.com/PH2FBoR.jpg
Planet length = 476 px
2atan(tan(70/2)*(476/720)) = 34.785722253137 degrees
Final distance away is 9907.7 meters.
9893.5-6477.7 = 3415.8 meters traveled in a second
Kinetic energy of Little planet = .5*(1.411E+18)*(3415.8^2) = 8.231555E+24 joules
6-A rating for Classic Sonic's attack potency from breaking a chain link that could withstand this without issue.
Feedback is appreciated!
New version[]
I'll use this image to scale.
Sonic = 1m = 75 pixels
Floor = 564 pixels = (1/75) * 564 = 7.52 meters
Still using your scale from the stage.
Stage = (7.52/76) * 13013 = 1287.60211 meters
Also, I think that this is a better scale of the Death Egg mk.II to the Little Planet (Also, It's funny that this time a planet could get a spherical sphape nearly perfect, it's very rare something like that).
Little Planet Diameter = (1287.6021/464) * 391 = 1085.02676961 meters
Now let's find the mass.
9.8 = (6.674e-11 * M) / (1085.02676961/2)²
9.8 * 542.513384805² = 6.674e-11 * M
2884343.57239/6.674e-11 = M
Mass = 4.3217614e+16 kg
The GBE is equal to:
U = (3/5) * (6.674e-11 * 1.8677622e+33) * (1/542.513384805) = 1.3786327e+20 Joules.
About Angsize, you should use the horizontal size of the screen if you want to do so, do not use the vertical size because both lines should have the same direction.
Analyzing your image, the horizontal size of the screen is 960 pixels
2atan(tan(70/2)*(727/960)) = 39.4775911 degrees
2atan(tan(70/2)*(476/960)) = 26.4418408 degrees
Initial Distance = 1512 meters
Final Distance = 2309.2 meters
Travelled distance = 2309.2 - 1512 = 797.2 meters.
Still using your time of one second it's 797.2 m/s
KE = 0.5 * 797.2² * 4.3217614E+16 = 1.3732998E+22 Joules
Low 6-B for smol sonic boi